A hidden crisis
Literally, quintillions1 of animals are suffering and dying right now in the wild, due to disease, hunger, thirst, excessive heat or cold, and other factors. Yet, most people—including those who express concern for animals—fail to give importance to this issue. Why?
In this article, we explore the cognitive biases2 that lead us to ignore one of the world’s largest sources of suffering and death.3 Understanding these biases can help us think more clearly about our moral responsibilities.
The magnitude of the problem
When we think of animal suffering, we often picture factory farms or labs that test on animals. These are indeed serious problems. But the number of wild animals is vastly larger, estimated between 1 and 10 quintillion at any given time.4
To understand this, consider the following analogy:
If we compressed the total number of animals exploited by humans and the total number of wild animals into a one-year timeline, the animals used by humans would represent just 14 seconds. Wild animals would represent the remaining 364 days, 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 46 seconds.1
The vast majority of wild animals suffer daily due to natural causes. Despite its immense scale, this issue receives very little attention. Even among animal advocates and animal ethicists, the problem remains largely ignored. This doesn’t seem logical when looking at the figures. Below, we will explore several biases that can cause this.
Status quo bias: Resistance to changing beliefs
Our minds are naturally resistant to change, whether in habits or beliefs. This is known as status quo bias. Several related patterns reinforce this:
* Bandwagon effect: we tend to believe what those around us believe
* System justification bias: we defend current systems and norms
* Conservatism bias: we hesitate to update our beliefs, even with new evidence
Key question: If everyone around you focused only on animal exploitation, how likely would you be to think about the suffering o
On your recommendation list, there are charities that are clearly cost-effective charities, that you tested with your new methodology, and that stand the test and came across to you as highly impactful opportunities.
On the other hand, there are somewhat more speculative charities, that have a less clear Theory of Change and at the moment could have less impact for animals (which e.g. was not tested with your new methodology, because some of them are recommended a second year in a row).
Are you not concerned that having those double standards this year (some charities evaluated with new, more rigorous methodology, and some not) might lead to directing money to these speculative, and possibly less impactful opportunities, rather than directing them to organizations that create tangible impact for animals?
Thank you for your question. We refine our methods each year and we don’t think that recent changes mean that we can no longer rely on the decisions we made in 2023.
Specifically about cost-effectiveness, in the past ACE has identified limitations of direct cost-effectiveness analyses and found it less helpful to directly estimate the number of animals helped per dollar. Instead, we began exploring ways to model cost-effectiveness, such as achievement scores and the Impact Potential criterion. Since then, the animal advocacy movement (namely Welfare Fo... (read more)